AutomationDirect announces the release of a new White Paper, “Basic Pneumatic Circuits”, which discusses common pneumatic circuits that can be used alone or as building blocks in larger pneumatics ...

Andy recommends favorite resources for basic op amp circuits and includes a portion of TI's AN-20. Test your knowledge with our op amp quiz; answer explanations are included. By 1969, a fledgling ...

For reliability, designers must create flex circuits that are neither too thick nor bend too much. • Every flex circuit has a neutral-bend axis. • Smaller circuit thickness reduces the risk of damage ...

Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

Higher Capabilities for Safety-Rated Control Circuits A truly reliable safety control system must work even when some parts fail. Force-guided relays are unseen components that add another level of ...

Directional-control valves are vital in any pneumatic circuit, directing or blocking airflow to control the speed or sequence of operations. One method of classifying directional-control valves is by ...

This is the first of several articles in the PCB Design Best Practices series, which discusses the different steps of PCB development from the basics of creating a design schematic with specific ...

Article 409 provides the minimum safety requirements for industrial control panels (What's an Industrial Control Panel? below). Because this section of the Code is only a couple of pages long, it ...

This file type includes high-resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. When converting a higher voltage to a lower voltage, a buck (switching) converter provides much greater efficiency than ...