Consider the logic circuit in the figure shown. Determine the Boolean expression at the circuit output and simplify it. From the simplified Boolean expression, find which logic gate is redundant in ...

Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

The previous article examined the concept of logic gates. They can be made from discrete and active electronic components, although today logic gates are available within integrated circuits. In this ...