Part one of a four part series on the fundamental forces (or interactions) of physics begins with the strong force or strong ...

Researchers have discovered that molecules experience non-reciprocal interactions without external forces. Fundamental forces such as gravity and electromagnetism are reciprocal, where two objects are ...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has established itself as a decisive tool for probing nanoscale interactions, particularly adhesion forces and capillary phenomena. A precise understanding of these ...

Atomic Force Microscopy-based SMFS is widely used due to its high force sensitivity and spatial resolution. In this technique, a biomolecule is attached between a surface and an AFM cantilever. As the ...

Coulomb attraction, also known as electrostatic attraction, is a fundamental force that plays a crucial role in the interactions between nanoparticles. It is the attractive force experienced by ...

In the race to uncover the deepest secrets of the universe, researchers are turning to powerful new tools. One of the most promising tools is the quantum computer. It offers a way to explore problems ...