A complement C4 (also known as a complement component 4, or simply C4) is a test to measure the level of C4 proteins you have in your blood. These proteins play a role in how your immune system ...

Levels of C4d and C4d/C4 associate with clinical and histopathological treatment response in proliferative lupus nephritis. Complement activation markers, particularly C4d and the C4d/C4 ratio, are ...

A new study published in the journal Science Immunology analyzed lung epithelial cells from patients infected with COVID-19 and found the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ...

The results of a newly reported study may offer scientists a strategy for mitigating the negative side effects associated with intravenous injection of nanoparticles used in medicine. The new approach ...

Medically reviewed by Femi Aremu, PharmD Complement 3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is a rare type of kidney disease. There are two types: C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) and dense deposit disease (DDD).C3GN is ...