The phase determines the oscillation frequency, and gain is a criterion for oscillation to exist. The four poles in the loop equation each contribute –45° phase shift accumulating the required total ...

This application note demonstrates nine different circuits that can be used to generate a sine wave. The first, a phase shift oscillator, is shown below. To view the application note, click on the URL ...

Low phase noise oscillators are critical components in modern communication, sensing and radar systems, where extreme frequency stability is paramount. These oscillators offer superior performance by ...

One application I recently dealt with needed multiple phases of sine waves, all of equal amplitude. I considered 45°, 60°, and 90° differences, but decided 60° was the best solution. I scoured the ...

If you’ve worked with germanium transistors, you’ll know that many of them have a disappointingly low maximum frequency of operation. This has more to do with some of the popular ones dating from the ...